Music composed by using chance procedures (eg. by rolling a dice - alea means 'dice' in Latin), or in which compositional decisions are left to the performer (eg. if the performer has to interpret a graphic score instead off conventional notation, or they have to choose when to start or begin a particular passage). Perhaps the most famous example is John Cage's 4'33 in which the performer or performers sit in silence for four minutes thirty-three seconds; partly, the idea is that whatever ambient noise is heard in the performing space constitutes the music.
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