This is music written in the period around 1890-1920 (most prominently in France), so it kind of overlaps with Romanticism and some 20th Century music. Key composers are Debussy and Ravel.
The term Impressionist is borrowed from Art (think of paintings by Monet, Renoir, Cezanne etc.); some, but not all, Impressionist music can have what the SQA call 'a rather blurred and vague outline', a bit like the paintings.
Some uses WHOLE TONE and PENTATONIC scales (eg. track 1).
Incidentally, a lot of film music makes use of IMPRESSIONIST techniques (the same can be said for ROMANTIC music).
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